Class

Marx and engels (1982) - the media is used by the ruling classes as means of control

"stereotyping becomes idealogical the moment it stops being simply a method of description and becomes a vehicle for values"

talking about lower class - "they are awful because they aren't like us"

-woman don't work in higher jobs as they can have babies so need time off.

Gandal 2007 -  class is not that dissimilar to the portrayal of race or gender because those that differ from the dominate social group producing the tv drama/film etc (middle class white males) portrayed class groups other than their own as the minority

in other words, upper class and lower cast people are portrayed as a 'cultural other'

working class males are buffoon like well intentioned but dumb. woman take upon the masculine role  (homer simpson)

middle class men are head of household, hard working and smart.

Popular nineteenth-century cross-class classploitation tales:
sentimental rags to riches: poor boy aided by rich person.
sentimental/sensational seduction: poor girl ruined by rich boy.
Cinderella seduction/redemption:poor girl ruined then rescued by rich boy

New popular cross-class classploitation tales:
slumming drama:rich girl or boy liberated by poor boy or poor girl or by downward mobility
class trauma: rich boy or girl degraded by lower-class boy.
slumming trauma: rich boy or girl degraded and liberated by poverty.